Mathematics-Linear Essays

Mathematics-Linear Essays Mathematics-Linear Essay Mathematics-Linear Essay Surname Paper Reference Centre No. OFF Candidate IF Initial(s) Signature Paper Reference(s) OFF/1 F Examiners use only Deduced GEESE Team Leaders use only Mathematics A (Linear) 2540 Paper 1 (Non-Calculator) Foundation Tier Monday 19 May 2008 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials required for examination Ruler graduated in centimeters and millimeters, protractor, compasses, pen, HOB pencil, eraser. Tracing paper may be used. Items included with question papers In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. You must NOT write on the formulae page. Anything you write on the formulae page will gain NO credit. If you need more space to complete your answer to any question, use additional answer sheets. Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e. G. (2). There are 29 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 100. There are 28 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated. Calculators must not be used. Advice to Candidates Show all stages in any calculations. Work steadily through the paper. Do not spend too long on one question. If you cannot answer a question, leave it and attempt the next one. Return at the end to those you have left out. This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Deduced Limited copyright policy. 02008 Deduced Limited. Lots more free papers

Recommendation Letters in Signed, Sealed Envelopes

Recommendation Letters in Signed, Sealed Envelopes Graduate and undergraduate schools alike often require hopeful students to include recommendation letters with their applications, with many graduate programs requiring the envelope containing the letter be signed and sealed by the recommending writer. Often students will ask the letter-writer to return their recommendations, each in a separate signed and sealed envelope, but many students also wonder if its too much to ask for the mentor to do- is organizing all that paperwork unreasonable? The short answer is no- its almost required in order for the contents of the letter to remain private from the students they are about.   The Standard for Recommendation Letters For most academic institutions accepting applications that require recommendation letters, the standard is that students are not to have contact- be able to read- their letters of recommendation. Traditionally, programs required that faculty submit recommendation letters independently of the student or give them to students in sealed and signed envelopes. The problem with asking faculty to send recommendations directly to the admissions office is the possibility of losing a letter, and if a student does choose this route, it would be best to contact the admissions office to determine that all expected letters have arrived. The second option is for the faculty to return their letters of recommendation to the student, but the letters are confidential, so admissions committees ask that faculty seal the envelope and then sign over the seal, assuming that it will be obvious if a student opened the envelope. Its Okay to Ask for Signed, Sealed Envelopes Admissions offices often prefer that applications arrive complete, with faculty recommendations in the packet, and most faculty  members know this, so dont feel that youre asking faculty to do too much work. Because this is and has been a standard part of most college application processes, the letter writer will likely understand the official preferred process. That said, a student can make it easier by preparing an envelope for each program he or she is applying to, clipping the recommendation form and any relevant material to the envelope. Recently, electronic applications have become very common, possibly even the norm, making this whole process almost obsolete. Instead of the traditional sign, seal, deliver process, a student will complete his or her application online then send the person writing the recommendation letter a link to submit it online. The student will be notified if and when the letter is received and can, therefore, contact the faculty member if any problems arise. Dont Forget to Say Thank You After everything is said and done, the recommendation letter and complete registration packet submitted, its important for students to take the time to thank the person who wrote his or her recommendation letters and helped him or her in the application process.   Although not required, a token of appreciation like flowers or candy goes a long way in returning the faculty members consideration of the student- plus, who doesnt like getting a little thank you gift?

Geography Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Geography - Annotated Bibliography Example Bonnett provides the readers with a comprehensive understanding of the geography discipline. No single phrase gives the exact definition of the term geography as a discipline covering both modernity and ancient. The author examines various challenging assumptions regarding the idea of geography and argues that the term geography can never be definite and accurate because the ideas are both ancient and modern. From the viewpoint of the author, geography is ‘the world discipline’ and ‘one of the humanity’s big ideas’. Bonnett’s layout of this book is well-structured into three main parts that include, the challenging assumptions, geography in the context of a globalizing world, and the three fundamental aspects of geography. The vision of geography holds as the most useful subject for a globalizing world. To ensure an all-inclusive coverage, Bonnett considered a range of previous research works to define the term ‘geography’ in diffe rent ways. He concludes that there is still little evidence documentation supporting modern geography, which opens up new scope for further research.Catling outlines ideas in this book that are relevant in the current academic world because few studies had addressed the perceptions of trainee teachers about the term ‘geography’ at that particular point in time. Training geography not only entails understanding the subject but also a conception of the reasons for such training. As the title indicates, this paper tries to explore the concepts of geography maintained by school trainee teacher in England.

Literature and demographics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature and demographics - Essay Example This essay "Literature and demographics" outlines the connection between demographics, social structure and literature. America has the most diverse demographics with a population of more than 400 million out of which 30 million individuals belong to different parts of the world (State). They speak numerous languages and practice different beliefs. Millions of new individuals arrive every year in the United States which ultimately makes the demographics of the country more appreciable. These diverse groups of people actually have a direct impact over the art and literature of the country. Therefore the American literature is recognized as the most glamorous and exciting piece of art which perfectly portrays the lifestyle of people and the different modes of their culture. In broader terms the significant components of American demographics can be explained as following (State): †¢ America is categorized among the most advanced nations with more than 50% urban population which indicates that the city life in the country has substantially more value than the rural life. †¢ The population is around 2% i.e. in relation with the number of births per woman. †¢ The number of females is more than the number of males. Research indicates that there is a low birth rate of females as compared to males which is contributing to higher number of female population. †¢ One-fourth of the population is under the age of 20 years. †¢ There are people from all around the world i.e. from Arab countries, Europe, Africa, etc. The social structure is divided among different classes having different proportion as per the overall population. For instance, the capitalist constitute only 1% whereas upper middle class have 15% proportion of the population. Apart from this the working class and the lower middle class have the highest percentage i.e. 30% In the 18th and 19th century the American population had a significant proportion of slaves although the concept of slavery was prevailing in the rural areas only however, it was also one of the major divisions of the social classes. With the economic and technological advancements the slaves ultimately diminished from the demographics of the America and what remained back does not constitute a greater proportion (Douglass). â€Å"A Narrative on the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave† is the most distinctive and widely accepted piece of American lit erature which tells the real life story of a slave who later became world renowned author. The story basically demonstrates the demographics of early 19th century when slavery was extensively practiced in Maryland. It is located in the mid-Atlantic region of America, where some of the elite families used to live along with their slaves. These were the Native Americans masters and slaves were particularly recognized by their surnames. The author has expressed his real experiences in the story which carry great authenticity. The social structure of Maryland at that time was divided among the elite class and slaves. There was no concept of working or middle class families. This was actually the driving force which compelled the masters to act highly ignorant towards their slaves. Frederick Douglass was born in a dark colored family which actually created lot problems in his life reflecting that there was a significant discrimination on the basis of color. The gap between the two social classes was so wide that the black children were not

Globally relevant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Globally relevant - Essay Example It changes the course of the history since wars impose economic and social implications in the countries involved. A government at war allocates its resources to its military forces, leaving social welfare and education with minor operating funds. Men are at times forced to join the infantry. Battles result to death, as well as destruction of infrastructures and facilities. Aside from the visible effects of wars, it dampens the spirit of the country’s citizens. Because of the serious effects of war, effort is thus put on promoting peace. The rise of social networking sites has made the promotion of peace an advocacy of anyone. It is a venue for even an ordinary person to talk or to share his thoughts with one or more members of the community from the convenience one’s home or workplace (Preston, 2011). In effect, it speeds up and widens information dissemination, organizes people, as well as provides a sense of community to its users. With the Internet and its networkin g sites, a local issue becomes a global occurrence. Such community built is special in a sense that it leads to what was called as networked individualism, implying the equal importance of community and individuality, since there is decentralization and more independence in this setting (Zhuo, Wellman & Yu, 2011, p. 6). Arguably, the biggest of them all is Facebook, which already reached one billion users in 2012 (Smith, Segall & Cowley, 2012). These people come from various countries and different socioeconomic strata. It thus has a potential of becoming a vital part of information dissemination and advocacy promotion worldwide. The freedom of expression in this medium, however, may also be used to instigate disagreements that can lead to war. Because of the double-edged potential of Facebook, this paper aims to discuss the role this social networking site has played in the promotion or suppression of peace in Egypt. In order to do this, these following questions should be answered : a. What are the instances that Facebook was used to promote or suppress peace in Egypt? b. What is the potential of Facebook in the peace process in the country? c. Is Facebook beneficial or deterrent in improving the social and political aspects of Egypt? Empowering Egypt through Facebook According to the article of Zhuo, Wellman & Yu (2011, p. 6) that discussed Egypt’s use of Facebook during its political struggle, the rise of social networks in the country resulted from the increase in the availability of internet and mobile phones. This lead to the emergence of socially relevant organizations that mobilize the community. Protests and social critique in venues such as Facebook has been found to be important in this country that is dominantly Islamic and authoritarian, since it is relatively free from state control, as compared to other media like TV, radio and newspapers. In addition, it resulted to increased communication with other countries, allowing the local issues of Egypt to be heard globally. In Egypt from 2008 to 2011, mobile access to Facebook became a vital part of protests that caused the end of ex-President Hosni Mubarak regime, which at that time prevented information dissemination, particularly citizens’ access to personal computers. The dates and locations of nonviolent protests were announced through groups such as the April 6 Youth Movement. Aside from being a

Causes of the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Causes of the Civil War Essay ââ€"  North was opposed to slavery while the South was pro slavery ââ€"  The primary conflict of the civil war was whether the states had the right to decide what they wanted to do with slavery. (radical abolition vs pro slavery) ââ€"  One of the arising conflicts that led to the American Civil war was the growing abolition movement in the North ââ€"  which was an effort to end slavery in a nation that valued personal freedom and believed all men are created equal. ââ€"  Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison: The voice of Abolitionism. Originally a supporter of colonization, Garrison changed his position and became the leader of the emerging anti-slavery movement. His publication, THE LIBERATOR, reached thousands of individuals worldwide. His ceaseless, uncompromising position on the moral outrage that was slavery made him loved and hated by many Americans. Although The Liberator was Garrisons most prominent abolitionist activity, he had been involved in the fight to end slavery for years prior to its publication. In 1831, Garrison published the first edition of The Liberator. His words, I am in earnest — I will not equivocate I will not excuse. I will not retreat a single inch — AND I WILL BE HEARD, clarified the position of the NEW ABOLITIONISTS. Garrison was not interested in compromise. He founded the NEW ENGLAND ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY the following year. ââ€"  Frederick Douglass: Born a slave in Maryland escaped to MA in 1838, became an outspoken leader of antislavery sentiment. Douglass served as an adviser to President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and fought for the adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights and other civil liberties for blacks. He provided a powerful voice then that was championing human rights. He is still revered today for his contributions against racial injustice.He also helped people escape to the North from the underground Railroad. ââ€"  Pro Slavery: John C. Calhoun: He believed that slavery was a â€Å"good positive good.† Calhoun endorsed slavery as a good — a great good, based on his belief in the inequality inherent in the human race. Calhoun believed that people were motivated primarily by self-interest and that competition among them was a positive expression of human nature. The results of this competition were displayed for all to see in the social order: those with the greatest talent and ability rose to the top, and the rest fell into place beneath them.The concepts of liberty and equality, idealized during the Revolutionary period, were potentially destructive to this social order, Calhoun believed. With the stratification of society, those at the top were recognized as authority figures and respected for their proven wisdom and ability. If the revolutionary ideal of equality were taken too far, the authority of the elite would not be accepted. Without this authority, Calhoun argued, society would break down and the liberty of all men would be threatened. Political short terms : ââ€"  Dred Scott (1795-1858) was a slave who, in the 1840s, chose to sue his masters widow for his freedom. He argued that his master, John Emerson, escorted him onto free soil in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory, and thus had legally—even if inadvertently— granted him freedom. In 1857, the case reached the United States Supreme Court. The Justices ruled against Scott. John Emersons widow had since remarried, and she returned Scott, his wife, and his daughters to their owners, the Blow family, in May 1857, just months after the ruling. Both Dred and Harriet Scott died shortly thereafter, never to witness the legacy of their fight.The Dred Scott case was a major event on the road to the Civil War. The Supreme Courts provocative opinion—which stated flatly that blacks had no rights which the white man was bound to respect and rejected the right of any territory to ban slavery within its own borders—inflamed public opinion in th e North, leading to a hardening of anti slavery attitudes and a surge in popularity for the new antislavery Republican Party. ââ€"  The south wanted less government control, and more state freedom, while the North welcomed the central power of a government. ââ€"  Because of the strong animosity toward abolitionists in the South and the thought that Abraham Lincoln embodied these abolitionist ideals, he was left off of the ballot in many Southern states, and the more radical of the states, including South Carolina, threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln was elected president. Despite believing that the Republican Partys platforms were too moderate, abolitionist, for the large part, supported Lincoln. Lincoln lost the popular vote by nearly two million votes yet won the Electoral College by nearly sixty votes. Despite the fractured Democratic party, had they nominated only one president and still maintained all the votes the received between three candidates, they still would have lost the election regardless of also having more popular votes than Lincoln. The election itself is possibly the most significant election in American history due to the monumental issue of slavery and how divided the country was, so divided that when Lincoln was elected (it was only the second national presidential campaign ever run by the newly formed Republican Party), radically proslavery states of the South kept true to their threat and seceded from the United States. (he was a free soiler, he was willing to let slavery stay in the south as long as it did not spread.) ââ€"  The South viewed the election of Abraham Lincoln, as president, as a threat to slavery. After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the South threatened to secede from the United States that questioned â€Å"State Rights.â₠¬  Economic short and long term causes: ââ€"  the vast majority of industrial manufacturing was taking place in the North. The South had almost 25% of the countrys free population, but only 10% of the countrys capital in 1860. The North had five times the number of factories as the South, and over ten times the number of factory workers. In addition, 90% of the nations skilled workers were in the North. ââ€"  The labor forces in the South and North were fundamentally different, as well. In the North, labor was expensive, and workers were mobile and active. The influx of immigrants from Europe and Asia provided competition in the labor market, however, keeping wages from growing very quickly. ââ€"  The Southern economy, however, was built on the labor of African American slaves, who were oppressed into providing cheap labor. Most Southern white families did not own slaves: only about 384,000 out of 1.6 million did. Of those who did own slaves, most (88%) owned fewer than 20 slaves, and were considered farmers rather than planters. Slaves were concentrated on the large plantations of about 10,000 big planters, on which 50-100 or more slaves worked. ââ€"  Since Eli Whitneys 1793 invention of the cotton gin, the cotton industry became a lucrative field for Southern planters and farmers. Utilizing slave labor, cotton planters and farmers could cut costs as they produced cotton for sale to other regions and for export to England. In exchange, Southern farmers and planters purchased manufactured goods from the North, food items from the West and imported luxuries like European designer clothes and furniture from England. The growth of the Southern cotton industry served as an engine of growth for the entire nations economy in the antebellum (pre-war) years. ââ€"  The other critical economic issue that divided the North from the South was that of tariffs. Tariffs were taxes placed on imported goods, the money from which would go to the government ââ€"  Southern Congressmen generally opposed it and Northern Congressmen generally supported it. Southerners generally favored low tariffs because this kept the cost of imported goods low, which was important in the Souths import-oriented economy. Southern planters and farmers were concerned that high tariffs might make their European trading partners, primarily the British, raise prices on manufactured goods imported by the South in order to maintain a profit on trade. ââ€"  North, however, high tariffs were viewed favorably because such tariffs would make imported goods more expensive. That way, goods produced in the North would seem relatively cheap, and Americans would want to buy American goods instead of European items. Since tariffs would protect domestic industry from foreign competition, business interests and others influenced politicians to support high tariffs.

On Achievement :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites If a comatose person were to earn an interest of 1 million USD annually on the sum paid to him as compensatory damages – would this be considered an achievement of his? To succeed to earn 1 million USD is universally judged to be an achievement. But to do so while comatose will almost as universally not be counted as one. It would seem that a person has to be both conscious and intelligent to have his achievements qualify. Even these conditions, though necessary, are not sufficient. If a totally conscious (and reasonably intelligent) person were to accidentally unearth a treasure trove and thus be transformed into a multi-billionaire – his stumbling across a fortune will not qualify as an achievement. A lucky turn of events does not an achievement make. A person must be intent on achieving to have his deeds classified as achievements. Intention is a paramount criterion in the classification of events and actions, as any intensionalist philosopher will tell you. Supposing a conscious and intelligent person has the intention to achieve a goal. He then engages in a series of absolutely random and unrelated actions, one of which yields the desired result. Will we then say that our person is an achiever? Not at all. It is not enough to intend. One must proceed to produce a plan of action, which is directly derived from the overriding goal. Such a plan of action must be seen to be reasonable and pragmatic and leading – with great probability – to the achievement. In other words: the plan must involve a prognosis, a prediction, a forecast, which can be either verified or falsified. Attaining an achievement involves the construction of an ad-hoc mini theory. Reality has to be thoroughly surveyed, models constructed, one of them selected (on empirical or aesthetic grounds), a goal formulated, an experiment performed and a negative (failure) or positive (achievement) result obtained. Only if the prediction turns out to be correct can we speak of an achievement. Our would-be achiever is thus burdened by a series of requirements. He must be conscious, must possess a well-formulated intention, must plan his steps towards the attainment of his goal, and must correctly predict the results of his actions. But planning alone is not sufficient. One must carry out one's plan of action (from mere plan to actual action).